Peradaban Ekonomi Islam
Oleh : Elvan Syaputra
Paradigma perekonomian yang banyak bemunculan saat ini, merupakan bentuk dari ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap sistem ekonomi yang selalu berganti. Seperti, adanya penerapan sistem kapitalisme, yang mana berupa upaya untuk mencari keuntungan yang sebesar besarnya dengan modal yang seefisien mungkin. Dalam berbisnis hal ini merupakan pandangan individualistis (system kapitalisme). Seperti yang kita ketahui system ini sangat berpengaruh pada perekonomian masyarakat kecil, yang kaya semakin kaya dan yang miskin semakin miskin,
Timbulnya permasalahan dan gejala ekonomi masyarakat yang hanya mementingkan sebelah pihak, merupakan bukti atas tidak idealnya system yang ada. Karena sistem kapitalis telah menjadi mainstream economic yang banyak berpengaruh terhadap perekonomian masyarakat, maka perlu adanya suatu pembaharuan dalam bentuk system perekonomian, oleh karena itu, maraknya system Ekonomi yang berbasis Islam menjadi system alternative untuk memperbaharui sytem yang ada, yang berdasarkan nilai nilai Islam dan akan menjadi pengganti dari system Kapitalisme.
Islam memandang manusia sebagai mahluk social yang memerlukan bantuan orang lain, yang tidak mungkin untuk hidup tanpa bantuan orang lain. Selain kehidupan social , Islam juga mengatur kehidupan masyarakat dalam bidang ekonomi. Dalam Islam tidak di berlakukannya hidup diatas penderitaan orang lain, begitu juga tidak berlakunya system mengambil keuntungan yang sebesar besarnya dan modal yang sekecil kecilnya. Islam memandang ekonomi sebagai prilaku dalam menjalankan suatu system untuk memenuhi suatu kebutuhan, prilaku inilah yang sangat di tekankan dalam Islam, yaitu prilaku yang berdasarkan nilai, norma dan etika Islam.
Diantara peran ekonomi Islam dalam merubah paradigma system ekonomi, adalah dengan menerapkan system etika, karna Islam merupakan sumber nilai dalam berbisnis, Islam memiliki wawasan yang komperhensip dalam etika bisnis, dan Islam berangkat dari nilai dan mengedepankan etika, tidak seperti ekonomi lainnya yang mengabaikan nilai dan etika dalam berbisnis mereka hanya berorientasi kepada keuntungan semata dan tidak melihat norma yang berlaku.
Etika dan moral dalam Islam mencangkup segala aspek, daintaranya etika dalam berbisnis, etika dalam berfikir ekonomis, etika dalam mencari keuntungan dll. Dan hal yang paling terpenting dalam menjalankan suatu system ekonomi di sini tidak terlepas dari nash Al-Qur’an dan teladan rasulullah.
Dalam Al-Qur’an banyak ayat yang menjelaskan keutamaan manusia untuk melakukan bisnis. Diantaranya Al-Qur’an memberi pentunjuk agar dalam bisnis tercipta hubungan yang harmonis, saling ridha, tidak ada unsur eksploitasi
“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, janganlah kamu saling memakan harta sesamamu dengan jalan yang batil, kecuali dengan jalan perniagaan yang berlaku dengan suka sama-suka di antara kamu. dan janganlah kamu membunuh dirimu. Sesungguhnya Allah adalah Maha Penyayang kepadamu.”( QS. 4: 29)
Rasulullah sendiri adalah seorang pedagang bereputasi international yang mendasarkan bangunan kepada nilai-nilai ilahi (transenden). Dengan dasar inilah nabi membangun sistem Ekonomi Islam yang mencerahkan. Prinsip-prinsip bisnis yang ideal ternyata pernah dilakukan oleh Nabi dan para sahabatnya. Realitas ini menjadi bukti bagi banyak orang, bahwa tata ekonomi yang berkeadilan dan menjunjung etika bisnis, sebenarnya pernah terjadi, meski dalam lingkup nasional, negara Madinah. Nilai, spirit dan ajaran yang dibawa Nabi itu, berguna untuk membangun tata ekonomi baru, yang akhirnya terwujud dalam tata ekonomi dunia yang beretika dan adil.
Sebagai kesimpulannya, sebuah system adalah cara dan bagaimana sesuatu hal akan dijalankan dengan berdasarkan mutu kualitas, dan Islam merupakan wadah dalam mengsinergikan segala mutu kualitas dalam berekonomi, dengan memasukan unsure-unsure nilai keislaman (tauhid, keadilan, kebebasan dan tanggung jawab) yang akan melahirkan sebuah peradaban baru bagi ekonomi dunia menjadi peradaban ekonomi islam.
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