ROMANTISME BIOSKOP LOKAL eps I
Cling! Bukan sulap, bukan sihir, gw dibawa lagi menerawang ke suasana tahun 80-an. Di bawah sinar rembulan dan angin sepoi-sepoi, gw lagi ngantri bioskop sama Nyokap. Tepatnya di bioskop Pramuka, Jakarta Timur. Saat itu penuh banget antrean penonton. Maklumlah, yang diputar film Warkop DKI: ”Pokoknya Beres”. Padahal ini hari ketiga pemutaran film komedi yang dibintangi Dono, Kasino, dan Indro.
Begitu loket dibuka, terjadi dorong-dorongan. Biasalah, orang Indonesia dari dulu sampe sekarang modelnya begitu. Kalo nggak nyelak antrian, ya dorong-dorongan, karena takut tiket kehabisan. Memang benar, cuma dalam tempo hitungan menit, tiket nonton film di jam pertama ludes des. Penonton yang nggak kebagian tiket, terpaksa nonton di jam berikutnya. Untung gw dapat di jam pertama.
Tanpa bawa soft drink, tanpa pop corn, gw duduk di bangku bioskop. Bukan bangku empuk berwarna merah yang empuk. Tapi bangku reot yang kalo kita pindah posisi akan menimbulkan bunyi-bunyian yang mengganggu penonton lain.
Romantisme gw pada bioskop kelas teri belakangan muncul. Ah, lucu juga mengenang saat kita ngantri dengan HTM (baca: harga tanda masuk) yang cuma limaribu perak. Lucu juga mengenang apesnya gw nonton dekat dengan orang pacaran, dimana mereka mengganggu konsentrasi gw dari mo lihat film jadi pengen liat mereka pacaran. Bioskop oh bioskop…
Peliknya persoalan bioskop sebenarnya sudah terjadi sejak tahun 1966. Dalam kumpulan artikel tokoh perfilman Usmar Ismail yang dibukukan dengan judul ”Mengupas Film”, Usmar menulis, Indonesia cuma punya 700 biokop. Waktu itu jumlah penduduk Indonesia kurang lebih masih 100 juta jiwa. Bandingkan dengan Malaysia. Dengan jumlah penduduk 6 juta jiwa, di tahun yang sama -tahun 1966- sudah punya 600 gedung bioskop.
Masalah yang muncul dari dulu sedikitnya ada dua: investasi dan kompetitor. Untuk membangun sebuah bioskop, diperlukan dana Rp 750.000 ato kalo waktu itu ada Rp 700.000, nilai investasinya adalah Rp 525 juta. Mungkin kalo kita bandingkan sekarang, untuk membangun sebuah gedung bioskop diperlukan dana Rp 10 miliar. Nah, oleh karena investasinya gede, nggak heran kalo 75% bioskop dikelola oleh warga non-pribumi (maksudnya bukan WNI, Bo!). Pengusaha asli Indonesia cuma sanggup mendirikan 15% dari 700 gedung bioskop itu tadi.
Terjadi pasang surut jumlah bioskop. Kalo dulu hitungannya fisik gedung (maksudnya jumlah gedung, Bo!), tahun 90-an dihitung berdasarkan jumlah layar. Kenapa begitu? Soalnya, zaman dulu nggak ada yang namanya multipleks. Satu gedung bioskop cuma putar 1 film per hari, karena layarnya terbatas. Contohnya bioskop di Pasar Palmerah, Pasar Cempaka Putih, ato Pasar Rumput (semua bioskop ini sudah almarhum) yang cuma punya layar terbatas. Biasanya film-film lain yang mau diputer di bioskop itu ditulis dengan kata-kata: ”segera”, ”akan datang”, ”baru datang”, ato ”kapan datang”.
Selain title-title itu, ada juga title ”midnight show” yang khusus malam Minggu. Film-film yang masuk kategori midnight show, biasanya film-film action ato film esek-esek. Ini sebenarnya strategi pengusaha bioskop buat orang yang mo pacaran di dalam bioskop. Tahu dong, kalo bumbu-bumbu film action ada cium-ciumannya, bahkan bisa sama adegan ML-ML juga, apalagi film esek-esek. Dengan bumbu-bumbu itu, otomatis si penonton yang pacaran itu terpancing, selanjutnya…. terserah mereka lah yau!
Pada tahun 90-an, mulailah era sinepleks, multipleks, tripleks, blek-keblek-keblek. Di tahun 1990 tercatat ada 6800 layar. Buat bioskop yang nggak punya banyak layar, kondisi ini berat. Sedikit demi sedikit mulai gulung tikar. Ada pula sih yang gulung karpet, tapi karpet masjid. Penonton jelas pengen nonton film baru, nggak mo nunggu film yang masih di-title-in ”akan datang” ato ”baru mo datang” itu.
Ada bioskop kelas teri yang coba me-rehab gedung bioskopnya ikut-ikutan jadi multipleks, meski mutipleks ala ”kampung”, contohnya Grand Teater yang fotonya elo liat di atas itu, yang lokasinya persis di seberang pusat perbelanjaan Senen. Dari gedung gede yang jumlahnya duaratus seat (bangku), dibagi menjadi dua studio. Seratus seat di studio pertama, seratus lagi di studio sebelahnya. Pemisahan satu gedung jadi satu kadang cuma disekat ala kadarnya. Makanya jangan heran waktu itu ada bioskop yang studionya bisa mendengar film yang ada di studio sebelahnya.
”Bo, kayaknya film di sebelah lebih asyik deh,” kata si X sambil menempelkan kupingnya ke dinding.
”Ya udah, abis film ini kita nonton lagi aja ke studio sebelah,” kata si Y enteng.
Gara-gara krisis jumlah bioskop menurun. Banyak bioskop gulung tikar, terutama bioskop kelas teri. Ini terjadi karena, banyak alternatif hiburan. Pertama, televisi nasional nggak cuma TVRI, dimana televisi juga menyiarkan film-film box office. Kedua, menjamurnya VCD ato DVD bajakan. Namanya bajakan, harganya pasti murah meriah lah. Kalo di toko yang jual VCD ato DVD original harganya bisa sampe 100 ribuan, di Glodok elo bisa beli dengan harga 5 ribuan. Kualitasnya kadang elo bisa dapet yang nyrempet-nyrempet ori (istilah untuk original).
Alasan ketiga kenapa bioskop kelas teri gulung tikar, ya biaya operasional. Mau bioskop kelas teri maupun kelas elit, biaya operasional paling besar ada pada listrik. Percaya nggak percaya, bioskop di Cianjur dan Tasikmalaya, biaya listriknya sama dengan bioskop di Senayan City, Hollywood 21, maupun Pondok Indah.
Distribusi yang lambat juga menjadi faktor bioskop kelas teri kehilangan penonton. Ujung-ujungnya bangkrut deh. Padahal bioskop kelas teri ini sudah bersedia bikin banyak studio, namun karena distrubusinya lambat plus jumlah copy film itu terbatas, studio yang banyak itu jadi percuma. Bayangkan aja, film baru tiba di bioskop kelas teri 1 bulan setelah diputar di bioskop kelas elit. Ya jelas penonton malas dong nunggu. Masa temen-temennya udah nonton, penonton bioskop kelas teri itu baru cerita soal film baru itu satu bulan setelahnya.
”Film Kuntilanak keren baget ya? Udah ceitanya mendebarkan, efek-efeknya juga canggih, ” jelas si Penonton bioskop kelas teri dengan penuh semangat 45.
”Eh, Tong! Elu kemane aje? Itu kan film udah sebulan lalu. Kuntilanaknya sekarang udah punya anak kalee,” goda temannya yang rada kaya yang sempat nonton Kuntilanak di bioskop 21.
Akhirnya selesai juga film ”Pokoknya Beres”. Gw keluar dengan perut yang sakit. Bukan kekenyangan makan kali Bo, tapi kekenyangan ketawa. Itu film kocak abis. Kisah mahasiswa kost yang nge-kost di rumah yang pemiliknya sok galak (diperankan Abah Us Us). Nggak heran film produksi tahun 1984 yang juga dibintangi bomseks Eva Arnaz dan Lidya Kandou ini tercatat sebagai film terlaris dengan jumlah penonton mencapai 500 rb.
Di perjalanan pulang, gw merenggek ke Nyokap. Berharap bisa nonton lagi minggu depan, karena ada film komedi lagi.
”Ketawa itu kan katanya sehat, Bu,” renggek gw. ”Jadi, kita harus ketawa terus”.
”Iya, kamunya bisa ketawa, duit Ibu yang nggak bisa ketawa tahu?!”.
Diomelin begitu, gw cuma bisa nyengir kuda. Gw baru sadar kalo Nyokap gw itu cuma Pegawai Negeri alim yang nggak pernah mo disogok sama para Pengusaha. ”Pantesan nggak kaya-kaya”.
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